Additionally, with the assistance of noise mapping, proper land use planning was suggested according to national standards, and the installation of sound insulation windows with different sound reduction grades can be determined for different areas impacted by the aircraft noise of BIA. Among these strategies, reducing the number of night flights is found to be most effective in reducing the overall noise-exposed area and population. Nevertheless, the modification of operating runway is more effective in reducing the population suffering under high noise levels ( L WECPN > 85 dB). For instance, the replacement of noisy aircraft with low-noise aircraft can simultaneously reduce the area and population exposed to a high noise level, while the optimization of flight procedure can only reduce the population exposed under relatively low noise levels ( 70 ≤ L WECPN ≤ 75 dB). The results indicate that these noise reduction strategies have their own advantages and each of them can serve as an effective noise reduction measure for different applications. The effects of all proposed strategies except for land use planning and sound insulation windows were simulated and analyzed using CadnaA software. In this study, six aircraft noise reduction strategies including the optimization of aircraft type, regulation of night flight number, optimization of flight procedure, modification of operating runway, land use planning and installation of sound insulation windows were proposed to alleviate the harmful impact of aircraft noise on the local area and population near Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport (BIA) in China.
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